|Genghis Khan| history of genghis khan

۔A tribe once lived in these plains. The name of this tribe was Borjigan and its chief was Yesugai.

About eight and a half hundred years ago, this tribe had a war with the Tatar tribes.

In this battle, an important Tatar warrior Tamujin was captured. The chained Tamojin lay in front of the Borjigan clan chief.

In such a situation Yesugai was informed that a son was born to him.

Yesugai named his son Tamojin after this prisoner.

When Tamujan was born, there was a clot of blood in his hand. Legend has it that the elders of the tribe knew this and said that one day this boy will become a great conqueror and history has proved it.

This is the story of the same child Tamojin whom the world knows today as Genghis Khan.

This is the Onan River. It flows through Mongolia and enters Russia.

On both sides of this 818 km long river there are vast grasslands and verdant hills.

Centuries ago, Mongolian tribes lived here on the banks of this river.

The ancient Mongols believed that all Mongols were descendants of a wolf that lived on the banks of the same river.

Eight and a half hundred years ago, on the banks of the Onan River, a Mongolian horseman was playing game with his falcon, a squire.

It was Yasugai, the chief of the Borjigan tribe. While hunting, he suddenly saw a deer.

Chhakde was being taken by a man from another Mongol tribe, Merkad.

As Yasugai approached the shack, he saw a sixteen-year-old girl sitting in the shack.

This girl is such a brother to his heart that he is desperate to marry her.

Yesugai, along with his two brothers, attacked the man. The man of Merkad tribe was not able to compete, so he left the girl who was his wife and ran away.

This girl, who was now in the possession of Yesugai, actually belonged to another clan, Ulkhund, and her name was Huilin.

It is about 1162 that a child was born from the womb of Huylan to this Yesugai. Which was named Tamujan.

Tamojan literally means blacksmith. It is the region of northeastern Mongolia where Genghis Khan is said to have been born.

At that time, the Mongol tribes were very backward. They lived a nomadic life.

Sometimes they lived in this pasture and sometimes at the foot of that hill. Meaning, where food and fodder would be better, that was their abode.

He was so skilled in hunting that he used to shoot arrows while sitting on a horse and kill even his enemy.

In the same way, little Tamujan also excelled in horsemanship and archery in his childhood.

When he was nine years old, his father betrothed him to a ten-year-old girl, Borte, in the Avingrat tribe.

After the engagement, Yesugai left Tamojin's future father-in-law in his clan and returned home on his own.

But before going back he instructed them to take care of Tamujan, he is very afraid of dogs.

After the betrothal of his teenage son, Yesugai was happily returning to his camp when he became very thirsty on the way.

After some searching, he saw some Mongols throwing a feast at a place. It was the people of the Tatar tribe with whom Yesugai was enmity.

But he thought who would recognize me here. I will leave after a few sips of water and a full meal.

So he joined the feast of these people. The Mongols had a custom of inviting strangers to their feasts.

But it was Yesugai's naivety that no one would recognize him.

One eye in the feast saw and recognized him and secretly told this secret to some other people.

Now instead of attacking and killing him, they played a safe bet and poisoned his food.

Yesugai left with a pleasant invitation of his own. But on the way his condition started to deteriorate and he understood.

The poison was starting to show its effect. Yet somehow he got home. On the third day of poisoning, he breathed his last in his tent.

But before dying, he told his people what happened to him and where it happened.

With Yesugai's death, the issue of clan chieftainship also arose.

He had a small nomadic tribe. But he was a prisoner of traditions.

They considered only him as a chief who could make himself a chief with his strength and ability.

So the people of his clan were not ready to accept Yesugai's wife and any of the young children as their chief.

Rather, they soon agreed to leave them. By this time Tamujan had also returned from his father-in-law's house.

He and his mother tried to stop the tribesmen, but they could not stop anyone except a few loyal ones.

The few people who were left behind now lived on the banks of the river and spent the day there eating and drinking or playing bird hunting.

They made arrows from wood and pointed bones and wore clothes made from the skins of rats and dogs.

It was a very difficult time for Tamojin's family. And these hardships made Tamujan hard and stone hearted.

While hunting for food and playing with dangers, he became so ruthless that one day he got tangled up with his half-brother Baktar.

Although the matter was only that his brother had picked up the bird he had hunted.

He was so hardened that when the same brother took his fish a second time, Tamujan shot him dead with an arrow.

Tamojan was the eldest of his five siblings. He also had two half-brothers, one of whom he had already killed.

So Tamujan became the de facto head of his family at a young age.

People were watching his skills and fighting spirit. And when people came and went to meet his estranged clansmen, they would tell them that Yesugai's son Tamujan was producing many parts and that he was becoming something special.

He may even try to take back the chieftaincy at some point.

Perhaps it was this fear that one day some people from Issi's tribe attacked the camp from Tamujin's makeshift.

But Tamojin and his colleagues were not completely unaware. They built a strong fence-like wall around the camp.

Taking a position behind the same fence, they stopped the attackers for some time.

The attackers were not too numerous. So instead of a long contest, they demanded that if only Tamojan was handed over to them, they would not say anything to the rest.

But none of the camp agreed to this demand. But during this conversation, Tamujin got an opportunity to escape.

He mounted a horse and fled from behind the camp towards the forest.

When the attackers saw him fleeing, they laid siege to his camp and followed him.

Now Tamujan was in front and the enemy was behind him, his life was in serious danger but he still managed to escape from them and hide in the dense forest.

His enemies surrounded this part of the forest and waited for Tamujin to come out hungry and thirsty and capture him.

According to The Secret History of the Mongols, Tamojin spent the first three days and three nights in this forest without eating or drinking anything.

On the fourth day he thought of going out. But when he started to leave, the horse's saddle fell off.

He took it as an ominous sign that he should not venture out of the forest just yet.

So he turned and hid there. He remained stuck there for the next three days.

There was nothing there that a man could eat willingly. I don't know how he kept filling his stomach there, eating leaves, chewing the bark of trees or maybe something else.

Whatever it was, he did not let the strings of life break.

Then on the fourth day he came out. But now it happened again that while coming out of the dense forest, a white rock fell on his way.

Tamojin then took this as an omen and retreated.

He spent three more days hiding in the forest. But now hunger and thirst were getting beyond him.

He wanted to get out of the forest at any cost. However, he believed that his enemies would have left the siege by now.

So he took out his knife and started cutting the bushes around the place where the rock fall blocked the path and thus a path was made.

After some time the path was made and he came out of the forest. But what is it?

His enemies had gone nowhere, standing outside waiting for him. They took Tamojin prisoner and took them with them.

Now the life and death of Tamujan was in their hands. But soon they decided that they would keep Tamojin in prison for the time being and not kill him.

The enemies tied a wooden noose around his neck so that he could not escape easily.

Then a celebration was held in the same joy. Tamujan was involved in this too, but was obviously shackled.

His chain was in the hand of a teenage boy. The clansmen around Tamujan were dancing, singing and celebrating the victory.

But soon the tribesmen began to scatter here and there in despair.

Among the scattered people, Tamojin began to look for opportunity. And seizing the opportunity, he swung his heavy neck brace hard, which hit the head of the boy holding the chain.

The boy was hurt and fell to the ground, the chain fell from his hand and Tamojin ran away.

The injured boy screamed but it took some time for the celebrants to understand the situation.

But as soon as they realized the situation, they sped into action and began surveying the surrounding forest and streams.

The night was moonlit, everything was clearly visible in the distance. Then the shackle that was on Tamujan's neck was also very heavy.

Tamojin's escape was apparently impossible. The tribesmen were sure that he could not escape far.

They will find him soon, but despite a stealthy search, they find no trace of Tamojin.

Where did Tamujan disappear to? What actually happened was that Tamojin showed a lot of smartness.

He did not go far from this camp. He was lying nearby in a stream with very little water.

He was on the lookout for the right opportunity, but then it happened that he was spotted by a man hiding in the river.

This day could have been Tamojin's last day, but what happened was that this man turned out to be Tamojin's secret sympathizer.

Instead of making the news public, he advised Tamujan to go secretly to his brothers and mother and promised to keep quiet himself.

Having given this advice, he quietly returned to his tent without telling anyone.

But then, sometime in the night, someone entered his tent. It was Tamojin, and once again he needed the help of his secret sympathizer.

Because he could not move easily with the heavy shackle around his neck, he could not run away.

The man came in handy once again. He and his sons took off Tamujan's shackles and burned them.

But at the same time those looking for Tamojin were also coming towards the same place looking at each place.

So Hamdard's family hid Tamujan in a hut standing behind their tent and piled wool on him.

The searchers even reached this pile of wool. They started removing the wool from the cow to see if he was hiding in it.

It was almost that those people would find Tamojin. But in such a case the prudence of his sympathetic host came in handy.

He noticed that the searchers were sweating. He told the soldiers that in such intense heat when it is difficult to even stand near the wool, there is no question that there is something hidden inside it.

The soldiers were probably already tired of searching. This sentence became an excuse for him and he left the search "Absolutely". Saying "exactly" they returned to where they came from.

Tamujin was once again narrowly escaped. After these people left, the man took Tamojin out of the cage.

He was given a mare for the journey, along with meat to eat, a bow and two arrows.

After a long detour Tamojin arrived at the place where his brothers and loyalists had last helped him escape, where his camp had once been.

But there was nothing there anymore, his family members had left the place for fear of further attack.

But Tamujan, like other Mongols, was also an expert explorer. He guessed which way his companions had gone by the marks on the horses' tops and other things along the way.

Searching and searching, he soon found his own. After that, Tamujan took the caravan with his brief and left for the mountains.

So that the enemies who are looking for him cannot kill him and his loved ones.

They stopped at a place that was somewhat safe. But there he faced many problems to satisfy his hunger until he had to eat even a mouse several times.

Many times he also faced robbers' attacks but he continued to endure all this and the days passed by.

And in all this you must have forgotten that Tamujan had a fiancee too.

Tamojan was sixteen years old. He started to miss his fiancee. So he went to his future father-in-law's house.

Here she married Borte and as a gift her in-laws gave her a very valuable sable skin.

Tamujan returned to his home with his bride and precious postin. He made a new and peaceful start.

But not even his angels knew that his bride Borte and the precious skins of Samour were leading him to an unforgettable turning point in history.

Tamujin lived like nomads along the banks of rivers. He lived on wild animals, fish and fruits.

Then one day he came to know that near where he was encamped, there was an encampment of Kiryat, a powerful tribe of Mongols.

The chief of the Kirayat clan was Tughral, popularly known as Ong Khan.

He and Tamojin's father Yesugai had been close friends. So Tamujan decided to meet Ong Khan.

While walking, Tamujan also kept the sable skins he got from his father-in-law.

On reaching Ong Khan, he presented a gift of postin and reminded him of his father's old friendship.

By meeting the son of an old friend, Ong Khan became an ally of Tamojin. He was so pleased with Postin's gift that he asked Tamujin

"In return, I will bring your scattered tribe back to your leadership."

Tamujin returned from Ong Khan's camp. He was very happy and he was sure that soon he would get the chieftaincy of his clan and he would not have to wander in Darbad.

But a few days after his return, a terrible incident happened to him which was a huge blow to his ego.

One morning the sun was just rising. Tamujan and his family had not fully awakened when the ground began to rumble with the hoofs of countless horses.

Tamujan was attacked by the Merkad tribe, an enemy of his father. It was the same clan whose man's ex-wife, Holin, had been snatched by Tamojin's father from the Yesugai route and brought into his clan.

Seeing this attack, Tamujan understood that now they are coming for revenge.

So Tamujan immediately hid his wife Borte in a bullock cart.

Then told his old servant to take him as far away as possible. Sending his wife to one side, Tamojan went to the other side with his brothers and mother.

so that the assailants would follow him and not capture his wife. But ironically, the bullock cart carrying his wife was caught and Tamojan reached the mountains safely.

The Merkad clan had settled its old reckoning. Tamojin's wife was in his possession, as was his daughter Huilan, Tamojin's father Yesugai.

When Tamujan learns that his wife has been kidnapped, he rushes to Ong Khan, chief of the Karaite tribe, in a rage.

He sought her help to bring back his wife. Ong Khan kept his promise and relationship well.

He sent twenty thousand soldiers from the Karaite tribe with Tamojan. Meanwhile, his childhood friend Jamuka also came to his aid with twenty thousand warriors.

Seeing this large army with him, Tamujan's morale started to touch the sky.

He began surveying the jungles and plains looking for the Merkad clan brick by brick.

But obviously that tribe was also a nomad. He did not have any abode.

So this army also pursued the Merkad tribe and reached Siberia, 400 kilometers away.

There is even a lake which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.

This lake located in Russia is also the deepest lake in the world. This may not be known to the people of that time, but on the banks of this precious lake, Tamujan saw the Merkad tribe.

He suddenly attacked at night. Many people ran away after seeing such a large army.

The remaining children started to compete. There was a roar of swords, human screams and horses.

And in the midst of this commotion, Tamojan was making crazy noises. Borte Borte Borte

But ironically, Borte did not know that the attackers were his own clan and Tamojan was with them.

That's why she was also running away with the rest of the people on a horse.

But then when she heard Tamojin's voice in her ears, she recognized it. She got off the couch and ran towards her beloved husband.

Tamujan mounted her on a horse and the two were reunited and Borte remained with Tamujan until his death.After that came the fate of the Merkad tribe that those who could flee fled, but not a single one of those who remained survived.

Borte had reached Tamujan but there was a problem. During her eight-month imprisonment, she had lost hope.

A few weeks after her return, she gave birth to a son. This son was named Jochi Khan.

Tamujan's family rejected Juchi as a descendant of Merkad tribe.

But Tamujan, in love with Borte, adopted this child as well and never made him feel like a stepchild.

It was at this time that Tamujan was going to make a name for himself in history. Then an incident happened that turned him from Tamojin to Genghis Khan.

How did he get the title of Genghis Khan? Why did Genghis Khan fight his close friend in the first major war?

Why did Genghis Khan decide to conquer the whole world? And what did he understand?

Tamujan's best friend, blood brother Jamuka, is arrested and brought before him.

Tamujin offers her to be friends again, but Jamuka's response to him is a surprise for Tamujin.

What was the answer? How did Tamujin become Genghis Khan from a simple chieftain?

And this hard journey is red with many infidelities and countless bloodstains.

But what is this journey? .

During Tamujan's childhood, another Mongol tribe called the "Jedard" or "Jadirad" used to camp near Tamujan every winter.

These people were not hunters like the Tamujans, but were peaceful nomads herding sheep.

He had a good ceremony with the tribe of Tamojan. They did not even attack each other.

Tamujan became close friends with a child of the same tribe, 'Jamuka'.

A friendship so deep that the two would play hunting together, share a meal together and even write The Secret History of the Mongols, the oldest book ever written about Genghis Khan.

It is also written that Tamujan and Jamuka used to sleep in the same bed.

Even at the age of twelve, both had drunk each other's blood.

It was a tradition among the Mongols that when two people became close friends, took an oath of loyalty, they symbolically gave each other a gift.

During this time, they also drank a few drops of each other's blood. This ritual was called 'Anda' by the Mongols, in English you can call it Blood Brothers.

So one day Jamuka dehorned the calf after hunting.

They made a necklace by drilling holes in them and presented it to Tamujan as a gift.

Tamujan also gave a gift of an arrow to Jamuka in response. Both also drank a few drops of each other's blood.

Now both of them had traditionally become one and the same. Now they could give and take life for each other.

Because these gifts and this ritual were of extraordinary importance. But obviously they were nomads.

Sometimes on the banks of this river and sometimes at the foot of that mountain. So after spending a few years of childhood together, the two friends drifted apart.

They are gone but not forgotten. They used to get each other's good news from the caravans coming and going.

That is why, when Tamujan's wife Borte was kidnapped, the 20,000-strong army that came to rescue her was from Jamuka.

And we have shown you this story in the previous episode. So since Borte's return, Jamuka and Tamojan were living in the same camp.

By this time Jamuka had also become the chief of his tribe. And Tamojan had also gathered around him many loyal ones of whom he was now the chief.

Now it happened that the two friends started building a big army. He began to gather the nomadic Mongols around him to form a large army.

Both had started to gather a large army, but the point was that this was the problem.

that both wanted to rule the whole of Mongolia. And you know that there was a saying in Mongolia that just as there cannot be two suns, there cannot be two chieftains of the Mongols.

And in the struggle for power, blood relations become dull, then these were blood brothers or brothers formed as a result of the Anda ritual.

So the struggle for complete power started in both of them. This tension was also beginning to appear in the form of small grudges.

Jamuka complains to Tamujan why he is appointing low caste people as commanders in the army.

And why is he neglecting the upper caste people? When this complaint of his did not go away, he started to be angry with Tamujan.

One day he asked Tamujan to camp by the river with your cows and sheep.

While I am going to take my horses and camp in the meadow. When Tamujan's wife Borte heard this, she warned her husband saying that Jamuka has grown tired of your friendship.

So skip ahead and be careful traveling at night.

Tamojin did just that. So Tamujan and his companions left the camp in the dark of night, leaving Jamuka and his family behind.

They reached far away from Jamuka's camp and set up their own camp.

Thus, after living together for a year and a half, the two friends went their separate ways.

Now the two friends started forming their separate armies. And then one day someone informed Tamujin about his old clan, whose chief was once his father.

And the tribe and its people who had attacked him and taken him prisoner have become friends with Jamuka.

This was a de facto declaration of friendship by Tamojin's childhood friend, blood brother Jamuka.

Rather, it was the beginning of animosity in a way.

So it happened that a separate ceremony was held in both the camps. And in Mongolia it was like two suns rising.

A ceremony was going on at Jamuka's camp. In which many of his supporting tribes were gathered.

He gave the title of Gorkhan to Jamuka. It meant the greatest chief of the Mongols.

There were thirteen to sixteen tribes who gave this address. But what happened was that some of Jamuka's supporters left him for some reason and met Tamujan in the meantime.

One of them told Tamujin that he had a strange dream.

He has seen that the earth and the sky have become one. And they are saying together that only Timojan should be the greatest Khan.

A ceremony was also held at the Yamp of So Tamujan. Tamojin was given the title of Genghis Khan, the ruler of the universe, and was celebrated.

Consider that both wanted to become the greatest chiefs of the Mongols, but neither took the title of Khaqan.

However, among the Mongols, the chief of all chiefs was called Khaqan. Obviously, this was because both knew that unless one of them died or accepted the obedience of the other, the other could never be called Khaqan.

So once those who were bound by blood relationship by drinking each other's blood were now preparing to shed each other's blood.

It is true that there is no weapon called morality in the war of power.

A power struggle between the two blood brothers was imminent, all it took was a slight pretext like a spark.

And then see that a very minor incident was used as an excuse. According to The Secret History of the Mongols, Jamuka's brother Tichar stole the horses of a friend of Genghis Khan.

Genghis Khan's companion chased the thief and killed him with an arrow.

When Jamuka learned of his brother's death, his body caught fire.

It is said that he prepared an army of thirty thousand and forgot to attack Genghis Khan.

Genghis Khan had an army of only thirteen thousand. The small army fought well against the large army of Jamuka, but the field remained in the hands of Jamuka.

Genghis Khan fled after being defeated and took refuge in a gorge.

One was that he was licking the wound of the necklace, the other irony was that he received another painful news.

The news was that some people from one of his allied clans, the Jarkans, had been captured by Jamuka.

And what was painful in this news was that seventy of them had been drowned in boiling water by Jamuka.

When Genghis Khan learned of this, he swore an oath. He swears that he will now prepare himself so that he will never face defeat again.

He once again began to raise an army. He contacted his old ally, the chieftain of the Karaite tribe, Ong Khan.

Ong Khan decided to side with Genghis Khan and came to Genghis Khan's aid with a large army.

A large army was now ready against Jamuka. But before the decisive action against Jamuka, Genghis Khan wanted to deal with the Tartars.

Because these people were his family enemies for centuries. It was he who killed Genghis Khan's father Yesugai and this story we have shown you.

So Genghis Khan and his ally Ong Khan launched a decisive attack and shattered the Tatar tribes and their power.

So Genghis Khan ordered the army to decapitate any Tatar man tall enough to be lifted by a wheel.

This attack was so strong that the Tatars' backs were broken. They became so weak that they lost their ability to compete for a long time.

During the campaign against the Tatars, Genghis Khan and Ong Khan also had the full support of the Chen Imperial Family of China.

The reason was that the Chinese rulers were also worried about the Tatar tribes living near their border.

To avoid the attacks of such groups, they used to build great walls like Wall China.

Therefore, when the Tartars suffered a crushing defeat, the Chinese rulers were also very happy.

He gave Ong Khan the title of 'Wang' which meant prince, prince.

But surprisingly, he could not recognize the talents of Genghis Khan.

They only gave him the title of Commander. And this title had no special significance in China.

But the irony of time is that the one whom they considered a minor commander was going to become their king after a few years.

After the Tartars, Genghis Khan then turned to Jamuka.

Interestingly, this time Jamuka was accompanied by magicians in comparison to Genghis Khan.

According to legends, these sorcerers assured Jamuka that they would bring a great storm with magic and Genghis Khan's army would be swept away in that storm.

The battle began, the wizards began to cast spells. And yes, there was a storm too, but its target was reversed.

It was as if during the spectacle of magic, at some point by chance, it started snowing and stormy winds started blowing.

But Jamuka's army, instead of Tamujan, lost its order in the storm.

His various units began to fall apart from each other and the command of the army was broken.

When they saw their tricks backfired, the magicians also ran away with their feet on their heads.

They used to run away and say that heaven no longer loves us. The sky is not happy with us, the sky has turned away from us.

When the force of the storm broke, Genghis Khan also began to wipe his hands easily on Jamuka's Bachi Khchi army.

This time Jamuka had fled the field and was escaping the wrath of Genghis Khan.

But some special people had come to Genghis Khan's hands. These people were very much wanted by Genghis Khan anyway.

Because these were the people who were actually the people of his tribe in his father's leadership.

It was these people who left Genghis Khan and his mother after Yesugai's death.

Genghis Khan was also taken prisoner by these people. What Genghis Khan did was that he killed the children of the family that had usurped the chieftainship from his mother and from him, and ended their race.

But the other members of the tribe were pardoned by Genghis Khan and accepted back into his leadership.

However, these people had only two choices, unquestioning obedience to Genghis Khan or a body without a neck.

So it was better for them to accept obedience than a body without a neck, so they did.

The war was won by Genghis Khan, but once during this war he narrowly escaped death from a severe wound in the neck.

It so happened that during the battle with Jamuka and his allies, Genghis Khan received a deep wound on his neck.

Perhaps the story of Genghis Khan would have ended with blood flowing from this neck wound.

But here a loyal friend of his came in handy. Djelmi sat at Genghis Khan's head all night and sucked out the blood clots from his wound.

Then when Genghis Khan felt thirsty, Jelmi also went out to find milk for him.

Coincidentally, milk was not available in or around Genghis Khan's tent.

But the enemy's camp was also not far from Genghis Khan's camp. Jelmi acted boldly and secretly stole a pot of milk from the enemy's camp.

This quenched Genghis Khan's thirst and gradually healed the wound.

After recovering, as you have seen, Genghis Khan smashed his enemies brick by brick.

And forced them to leave the field. Genghis Khan had a major victory against Jamuka.

And his old tribe had also come under his obedience. But in the meantime, Genghis Khan also suffered a blow.

Ong Khan had become his enemy instead of a friend. The reason for this enmity was that Ong Khan's son had refused to give his sister's relation to Tamujan's son Juchi Khan.

Then he provoked his father not to give too much importance to Genghis Khan.

After that, an unsuccessful attempt was made to kill Tamujan by calling him on the pretext.

He began to tell his father that Genghis Khan was befriending our former ally and current opponent, the Turkish tribe of Niman.

Ong Khan got caught up in what his sons and Jamuka had to say and made the costly mistake of turning a powerful friend like Genghis Khan into an enemy.

He had already sworn never to be defeated. So instead of waiting for Ong Khan, he attacked his camp himself.

Surrounding the camp of his old ally, Genghis Khan began the war.

For three days there was a terrible fight between the two. On the third day Ong Khan left the camp and fled.

He fled to the territory of his former ally and current opponent, the Niman tribe.

Here a guard did not recognize Ong Khan and killed him as a thief.

Immediately after this murder, a fight broke out between Genghis Khan and the Niman tribe.

Why did this happen? In fact, there is a legend behind it, a story.

It is said that when the Niman tribe came to know that Ong Khan had been killed by their guard, they were very sad.

Because the Niman clan had become hostile to Ong Khan's clan. But because of the good relations of the past, he did not want the death of a respected chief like Ong Khan.

So, according to their traditions, they cut off his head and brought it to a tent in their camp.

A grand feast was held here to pay homage to him.

Ong Khan's name was offered in the feast. According to legend, at the same time, Ong Khan's severed head allegedly started laughing.

Perhaps it was a symptom of his delusions after drinking too much.

But Tiang Khan, the chief of the Niman tribe, was shocked to see Sar laughing.

In this frenzy, he crushed Ong Khan's head under his feet and broke it into pieces.

While he was doing this, dogs started barking loudly from outside.

From which people derived the bad omen that a great calamity was about to befall them.

And yes disaster was coming and the name of this disaster was Genghis Khan.

It so happened that when the chieftain of the Niman tribe learned that Genghis Khan had taken control of a large part of Mongolia, he saw his tribe in danger.

Genghis Khan also defeated one of Tiang Khan's brothers in a battle. But Tiang Khan considered himself a more powerful warrior than his brother.

So he decided to confront Genghis Khan. In order to increase his power, he also joined Genghis Khan's enemy Jamuka and started preparing for war.

But what happened was that their attack plan was already leaked. His news reached Genghis Khan.

Genghis Khan had vowed not to lose, so he once again made a preemptive strike.

He immediately set out for battle. When he reached the territory of the Niman tribe, he ordered that each of his soldiers should light five bonfires at night.

The soldiers did the same. When the bonfires lit up so many and so far away on the battlefield, the spies of the Niman clan who were spying in the distant mountains and forests were afraid.

He reported to his chief that there were as many bonfires burning in the Mongol camp as the stars in the sky.

That is, the army of the Mongols is much bigger than the estimates. This news lowered the morale of Niman Lashkar.

So the next day when they went out to the battlefield, they were doing Hao Hoo To, but it didn't have the enthusiasm of Hao Hoo.

Genghis Khan, on the other hand, was fully prepared. He had divided his army into many smaller armies.

Each army began to surround the Niman tribe and Jamuka's army from the opposite direction.

Genghis Khan's soldiers began to push the Niman tribe back towards the mountains by continuously raining arrows.

But the Niman tribe was no ordinary tribe. Defeating him was not such an easy task.

But here was a turning point. That is, Genghis Khan's old friend and then enemy Jamuka started playing a double game.

He was an ally of the Niman clan, participated in the war but started sending secret messages to Genghis Khan.

Perhaps, after fighting many battles with Genghis Khan, he realized that it was impossible to defeat him.

That is why he was secretly confiding in Genghis Khan and giving advice to Tiang Khan, the chief of Niman tribe, to retreat.

Genghis Khan also continued to advance. And so, by Jamuka's disloyalty, Tiang Khan and his companions were trapped in the mountains so that Genghis Khan could play their prey as he pleased.

They were all surrounded by him. In such a situation Jamuka escaped with his five companions.

Genghis Khan began to kill the people of the Niman tribe and put their chieftain to death.

Then there came a time when Gorbisu, the mother of Tiang Khan, the chief of the tribe, was brought before him.

This woman used to say that she smelled like Mongols. Genghis Khan decided to punish him.

And the punishment was that she would now become Genghis Khan's wife.

However, another great chief Tiang Khan had been killed after a battle with Genghis Khan and Jamuka was a fugitive.

Jamuka had secretly supported Genghis Khan, but Genghis Khan was no longer ready to blindly trust Jamuka.

He wanted to possess her at any cost. Modern historians also say that Jamuka was a double agent of Genghis Khan and now he wanted to eliminate this double agent as his weakness.

That is why Genghis Khan's soldiers were looking for him everywhere. Genghis Khan had also announced a large reward for Jamuka's capture.

Jamuka along with his five companions roamed the mountains for a year and lived by robbing nomadic tribes.

But when his companions found out that Genghis Khan had placed a reward for Jamuka's capture, they were tempted.

One night when Jamuka was eating, five of his companions attacked him and tied him up and brought him to Genghis Khan.

He expected a great reward from Genghis Khan. But their happiness was spoiled when Genghis Khan instead of awarding them the death sentence.

In fact, Genghis Khan had a strong hatred for those who break their loyalty to their master and commit treason.

So he killed those who betrayed his chief in the greed of reward.

Then he turned to Jamuka. His childhood blood brother, Jamuka, with whom he had eaten, drank and slept, lay bound in ropes before him.

Genghis Khan said to Jamuka that fate has brought us both together again, so why don't we become one again.

But Jamuka's answer surprised Genghis Khan. Jamuka said, "Just as there can be only one sun in the sky, so the Mongols can have only one ruler."

If I live, I will always be a trouble to you, so it is better that you kill me.

Yes, give me a death in which my blood does not flow. It is written in the old books that Jamuka was killed by Genghis Khan by breaking the spine from the neck.

On the order of Genghis Khan, Jamuka's last rites were performed in a good manner.

But modern historians dispute this. They believe that Genghis Khan, by acting enmity with his blood brother, used him to weaken his real enemies against his enemies.

Then, fearing that the secret would be revealed after the work was done, Genghis Khan had Jamuka killed.

Modern historians even say that Jamuka's bloodless story is also a lie.

And the Mongols created this story to honor their great leader Genghis Khan.

In fact, Jamuka was brutally hacked to pieces.

Jamuka is said to have spoken these last words to Genghis Khan before he died

"I will come and haunt you in the dark nights, I will ruin your sleep."

Anyway, no matter how the murder happened, Jamuka was no more. Ong Khan Great leaders like Tiang Khan had died.

Genghis Khan was now undoubtedly the greatest leader of Mongolia.

In Twelve Hundred and Sixth, the place where the river Onan rises, where the river Onan originates.

There was a great gathering of all the tribes of the Mongols. It was called 'Qarultai' in Mongolian language.

A small white flag was hoisted in this gathering. Nine tails, tails were waving on the flag.

In this gathering, all the Mongol tribes unanimously accepted Genghis Khan as the greatest Khan of the entire region.

Now he had become the greatest Khan, Khaqan or king of the region.

When he reached this opportunity, he did not know why this idea had sat in his heart and mind.

That the god of the Mongols, the blue sky, has written in the destiny of Genghis Khan to rule the whole world.

Now his next target, the next target was the same country that had given him the title of commander from a commoner a few years back. China.

The same China whose rulers considered themselves superior to the Mongols.

Now the Mongols had to fight the Chinese under the leadership of Genghis Khan, but the Chinese had gunpowder.

How did the Mongols who sat on the bare backs of horses cope with the guns and cannons of the Chinese?

Genghis Khan proved to be a messiah, not an angel of death for Muslims, really?

Genghis Khan disappeared one day on top of a sacred mountain. When he returned, he announced that he had been given the good news of the conquest of China by the god of heaven.

But the Chinese had gunpowder? Then how did Genghis Khan compete with guns and gunpowder while sitting on horses?

And above all, why did he need to attack a powerful empire like China?

During the time of Genghis Khan, the empire of the powerful dynasties that ruled China was the most powerful.

He was also called Chin Da Great. Its rulers also believed the sky to be God and called themselves the son of the sky.

On the other hand, Genghis Khan also had the same claim that he is the son of heaven. And heaven has put the government of the whole world in its cradle.

This was the reason for their conflict. But another major reason for the conflict was that there was friction on the borders of both.

Now that the Chinese Empire was more powerful, abuses were often done by them.

In the border areas, soldiers of the Chen Empire, i.e. Chinese soldiers, used to come to plunder the Mongol territories.

They also looted the honor and wealth of the Mongols and took the Mongol children as slaves while leaving.

On the other hand, the armies of Mongols and Tatars were also looting the Chinese territories.

So due to these two reasons, it was a normal thing to have quarrels in both the states.

But then it happened that a new emperor came to the Chen Empire. This emperor was not prepared to value the Mongols as more than ordinary nomads.

He sent a message to Genghis Khan. The message was to accept the obedience of the Chinese Emperor, the Emperor of the Chen Dynasty.

Genghis Khan heard the message, turned his face to China and spat loudly.

Then he jumped on his horse and rode away. His move was a declaration of war against the Chen Empire.

In twelve hundred and eleven he assembled his tribes for the same purpose. Women, men and children started praying to the sky god in separate groups.

But Genghis Khan was not among those supplicants. where was he

This beautiful national park you are seeing is the Gorakhi Tiralj National Park of Mongolia.

Genghis Khan went to seek victory from the god of the sky on this beautiful and high hill Burqan Qaldun of this Dil Farib Park.

This hill was considered sacred among the Mongols. Genghis Khan stayed on the same hill for three to four days.

He had a determined look on his face as he descended the hill. He said to his army, "Rejoice, the blue sky has promised us victory."

Hearing this good news, the Mongols were filled with excitement. He also started preparations for an attack on the Chin Empire.

But the Chinese population and for that matter the army was huge.

On the other hand, compared to the Mongols, the Chinese army was also much more modern.

Genghis Khan, like a ghastly general, understood that it was not possible to defeat the Chinese with enthusiasm alone.

So he made a deep move. He split the Chinese army into two.

He did this because there was rebellion against the government in Manchuria, the main region of the Chin Empire.

Genghis Khan used these feelings to his advantage and caused a rebellion in Manchuria.

Now apparently part of the Chinese army went to Manchuria to crush the rebellion, which left the army in the center broken.

This was the time when Genghis Khan invaded the Qin Empire in May 1211.

He had an army of sixty-five thousand in the beginning. This army crossed the nearly 1,000 km long Gobi desert in just one month and entered northern China.

Genghis Khan had strong hopes of victory, but Genghis Khan failed completely against his hopes.

Despite a small army, the Chinese had successfully defended. This was because Genghis Khan's homework was not complete.

He had the skills to fight in the open field. But the way the Chinese protected their cities by turning them into forts was a new thing for Genghis Khan.

He did not even have catapults or gates to breach the strong walls of the forts.

So it was taking much longer than the estimates everywhere.

Then it happened that during this time winter started. In the snow rained down from the sky, the war was on one side, but it was also impossible to stop in a foreign country.

So Genghis Khan did not win, but came back with an experience.

Learning from this failed attack, he prepared again.

In 1213, Genghis Khan once again attacked the Qin Empire.

But this time he was more prepared than before, his army was larger and his conquests were faster.

Conquering territory after territory, he advanced towards Zhongdu, the capital of the Chen Empire.

This city was established in the same place where Beijing, the capital of China, is located today.

Chin Empire was fighting against Genghis Khan. But the fact was that this time they did not have enough resources and sufficient number of Will-Trend army to compete with such a large Mongol army.

But what Chinese commanders did was to recruit poor peasants to make up for the shortage.

These peasants were made part of the foot army or infantry and cavalry units were appointed to support them, which were trend soldiers.

Now the formation of the Chinese in the field was that in the middle there were peasant infantry, infantry, and right and left trend soldiers were standing in rows of horses.

Genghis Khan was watching this formation. He came up with a brilliant solution.

That is, when the battle started, the Mongol archers would rain arrows from the front, forcing the peasant infantry to run back.

Now there were cavalry standing right and left. So when the arrows were raining, the Mongol cavalry would move around from behind the mountains and attack the enemy cavalry from the rear.

By this the Chinese cavalry would have been surrounded and killed.

As with the competition in the field, Genghis Khan had now found a great strategy for conquering fortresses.

His soldiers would first besiege a Chinese fort. After some time they would leave their food and drink there and pretend to retreat.

Seeing the Mongols fleeing, the Chinese soldiers would open the gates of the city and go out to pick up the goods left behind by the Mongols or chase them.

The Mongol army would prepare for this in advance, so their hidden forces and the fleeing army of N would turn around and attack.

With this strategy, the Chinese did not get time to close the gate of the fort.

And the Mongols went on conquering forts upon forts.

But wait. Here the question must arise in your mind that China had built a great wall, the Great Wall of China.

And the main purpose of this wall was to stop the invaders.

So how did Genghis Khan overcome this obstacle? Actually there are two versions about it in history.

One is that Genghis Khan bypassed the Great Wall of China. That is, he had found another way away from the wall.

It is also known that the army of the Chin Empire that came to fight Genghis Khan was a mercenary army.

And that's why Genghis Khan easily assimilated them. Some other hypotheses have been written about this.

But there is another strong version of history that seems a bit more rational and logical.

That is, during the time of Genghis Khan, the Great Wall of China was not so big that it was impossible to cross and had to be bypassed.

Therefore, Genghis Khan crossed the Great Wall of China with a little strategy.

Then, conquering fort after fort, Chen reached the center of the empire, present-day Beijing.

But what he saw from here was enough to blow his mind.

Genghis Khan was used to living in rivers, tents, mountains and small temporary towns.

He had seen other cities in China on the way, but they were not very big either.

When he approached the great city of the world like Beijing, the scene was like a fairy tale to him.

He saw the city spread far in front of him, houses spread for miles, he saw huge buildings in the distance.

Seeing all this, he was lost in wonder and thought. Because the bigger the city, the safer it was.

Its security was equally good. The city was surrounded by walls thirty miles long and forty feet high.

On these walls were nine hundred towers in which archers sat as guards.

While the city had twelve gates. There were moats on three sides around the city, which were filled with water.

Interestingly, four small towns were built outside the city to protect the capital.

All four were surrounded by strong walls and trenches. Then these small towns were connected to the capital by underground passages, underground tunnels.

The smaller towns around had four thousand soldiers within each town.

While twenty to twenty four thousand soldiers were alert inside the capital.

That is, the total number of the guarding army of the city reached forty thousand.

But if necessary, one lakh four lakhs could be added to this army.

How is he? They were such that the total population of the city was four lakhs and it could be drawn into the war at any time by an order.

Beijing was an almost impregnable city for an army of one hundred nomads.

Genghis Khan also realized after some evaluation that it is not possible for him to conquer this city.

So he decided to put pressure on the Chen emperor by keeping the city under constant siege.

So that maximum wealth can be obtained. So he immediately deployed 5,000 soldiers and blocked all roads leading to the city.

He then sent his ambassador to the Chin emperor to offer peace in return for a few conditions.

But the emperor had a lot of faith in his defense system, in his security system.

He turned down the offer. Because the emperor believed that Genghis Khan would not be able to conquer such a safe city.

And finally the rigors of weather and pressure of time will force him to return empty-handed.

But he was unaware of one thing. That one of his governors is plotting against him.

And this conspiracy was going to directly benefit Genghis Khan. Chi Ching, a governor of the Chin Emperor, dreamed of taking over the empire.

He marched towards Beijing with some of his companions and reached the gates of Beijing avoiding the Mongol soldiers.

As soon as he reached the door, he shouted in a loud voice that the Mongols are after me, save me, save me.

The guards opened the city gates, but Chi Ching entered the city and stormed the royal palace.

The emperor and his guards could not withstand the sudden attack. Even the Chen emperor, called the Golden Khan by the Mongols, was killed in battle.

Chi Ching preferred to become a kingmaker rather than become an emperor himself. He placed a weakling of the Qin dynasty on the throne and became the supreme commander of the Qin Empire himself.

A puppet ruler was now sitting on the Chinese throne, but the order, the commander-in-chief, was being followed by a warlord.

But the only benefit of this whole action was that Chi Ching fell ill when he took command of the army to fight Genghis Khan.

But he went out to fight even in the condition of illness. He continued to command the Chinese army lying on a chair.

He forced the Mongol army to retreat for two consecutive days.

But now his health was steadily deteriorating. The disease did not allow him to fight any longer.

So on the third day he decided to send one of his commanders named Kao to fight the Mongols.

But before sending, he threatened Kao that if he returned defeated, he would be beheaded.

Kao took this fear of death in his heart and went to the battlefield. lost.

After the defeat, Kao began to visualize his decapitated corpse at the city gate.

However, Kao sneaked into the city with his loyalists before anyone was aware of it.

He went to his boss Chi Ching and blew his neck. He didn't want to die at the hands of a sick Kingmaker.

As the news of Chi Ching's death spread, his loyal soldiers were furious. A civil war broke out in the city.

For two days the soldiers of both the groups continued to fight each other. They kept shedding each other's blood.

But then the puppet emperor intervened and somehow reconciled the two groups.

After the peace, Kao was also made the new Supreme Commander. But the conditions in the city were getting worse.

Due to the heavy siege of Genghis Khan, the food and drink in the city was low.

In such a situation, Genghis Khan took another major decision to force the emperor to surrender.

He left 5,000 troops to block the roads leading to Beijing, and divided the remaining army into different groups.

Then sent these groups to plunder other cities of the Qin Empire.

The intention was that the emperor would surrender when he received news of the destruction of his cities.

Another purpose was to provide rations for Genghis Khan's army and a means of providing for the soldiers tired of the siege.

However, the old strategy had to be changed for these groups to conquer new cities.

Because the fleeing strategy of the Mongols to conquer the cities was no longer working.

Chinese soldiers understood this technique. They did not come out of the forts even though the Mongols fled.

So now Genghis Khan also changed his strategy. The Mongol army began to capture people from the villages and bring them to the battlefield.

The gates of the forts were broken through these Chinese villager prisoners by standing in front.

It often happened that the guards standing on the walls recognized these people. And considering them as their own people, many would hesitate to attack them and would even refuse.

So this strategy was more successful and the gates of the cities were easily broken.

When the gate was broken, the Mongol army would enter the city and capture it.

After which brutal looting started in the conquered city. Slaves and concubines were made.

Piles of gold, silver and silk loot were piled up and standing crops were set on fire.

All these news were reaching the Chin Emperor. He could not see his kingdom in ruins for long.

He did not have the courage to compete, so he asked Genghis Khan for peace.

So, in the beginning of 1214, a peace agreement was signed. According to the terms of the treaty, the Chin emperor's daughter was to marry Genghis Khan.

Chin sultanate also obliged to pay 3000 horses, 100,000 gold plates and 300,000 yards of silk to the Mongols.

The agreement was done, but now it had to be implemented. So before the action Genghis Khan made some concessions and opened some routes to Beijing.

But here the Chinese emperor made a glaring mistake. Seeing the relaxation of the siege, the Chinese emperor seized the opportunity and fled from Beijing and hid in the southern city of Kaifeng.

The city was even more secure than Beijing because its defensive wall was 120 miles long.

While Beijing's protective wall was only thirty miles long. When Genghis Khan got the news of the Emperor's escape, he was furious.

He declared the emperor's escape as a breach of the treaty and broke the treaty.

He ordered a strict siege of Beijing. So the relaxation of the siege ended and the open roads to Beijing were closed.

This time the siege was so severe that Beijing ran out of food and drink.

The people of the city were fed up with hunger. They even started eating their own dead.

The big army commanders, generals started running away from the city in the darkness of night.

Rather, there were some who got fed up and became a part of Genghis Khan's army to get enough food if nothing else.

But not all guards were like that. Even in these worst conditions, the guards badly repulsed and failed two major attacks of the Mongol army.

In these unsuccessful attacks, the Mongol army had to suffer heavy casualties.

But the fact was that after almost a year long siege, not only the Chinese citizens but also the Mongol army were fed up.

The Mongols were also running out of food. Diseases were also spreading, Mongol soldiers were dying.

But the Mongols had the advantage that they were not under siege and the routes to reach them were open.

Meanwhile, the Mongols captured a shipment of 1,000 sixes. These sixes were loaded with food and drink

who had been sent by the emperor who had escaped from the city to help the besieged citizens.

The Mongols looted this shipment. He filled his stomach with this food, but when the empty-bellied defenders of Beijing got the news, their morale was broken.

But fortunately, they still did not surrender. And decided to try the last weapon.

Although this weapon was only a straw support for the drowning, but the defenders who were forced, helpless and tired of months of siege, what other choice did they have?

But what was this weapon?

The Chinese then had a weapon that hardly anyone else in the world has these days.

This weapon could turn the dice of war. But it is unfortunate for the Chinese that they did not devise any strategy to use this weapon better.

This weapon was gunpowder. Yes, the Chinese had made gunpowder in 1215

And they were also using cannons and guns in wars. But it was fortunate for Genghis Khan that the design of these guns and cannons was still in its infancy.

It was not matured. Therefore, their targets were correct and they were not causing such havoc.

As much as was needed to force the enemy army to retreat. The defenders of the city immediately activated these cannons and guns and opened fire on the Mongols.

This was probably the first major combat use of firearms in human history.

The defenders were firing bullets and shells at the Mongols. But they soon ran out of gunpowder, so they started melting gold and silver and making balls out of it.

But all these weapons were useless and could not do the damage to the Mongols that modern firearms can do today.

So the result was that the Chinese defenders who had gathered some courage also lost.

Their emperor and all the great generals had deserted them, and there was not a grain of food in their stores.

Beijing, the great city of the world, had become a ghost town, a deserted city of ghosts.

Those living in it were alive, but in the condition of the dead. After a siege of almost one and a half years, the defenders opened the gates of the city on June 1, 1215.

And a raging mouth invited the storm to enter.

Don't ask what happened when the Mongol army entered the city, which had been standing outside for more than a year.

No house was safe, no human being. Sixty thousand girls committed suicide to escape the Mongols.

The Mongols burnt all the places of worship in the city, destroyed the city gates

Burn the mansions of the mansions and the mansions of the mansions.

No one knows how many people were killed in Beijing and its surrounding areas.

But according to a conservative estimate, the number is in the millions or around three lakhs.

The Mongols also built towers of corpses and bones in the city. There were so many bodies that their fat spread in the streets and the feet of the pedestrians began to slip.

At the time of the conquest of Beijing, Genghis Khan was in the area of Dolan Nur, three hundred and sixty one kilometers from there.

Genghis Khan returned to Mongolia in 1216. With him were treasures of gold, silver, precious stones, silk and countless valuables.

When these goods, loaded in thousands of bullock carts, began to reach Mongolia, the eyes of the Mongols were filled with surprise.

It is said that the goods contained colors that the Mongols had never seen before.

In addition, thousands of doctors, artists and craftsmen were also brought to Mongolia as slaves.

These people exposed Mongols to art, culture and modern civilization.

Genghis Khan spent nearly five years in China and laid waste the capital of its most powerful empire.

And this was the same Genghis Khan whom the same empire did not value more than a minor commander a few years ago.

Beijing also sealed the end of the ruined Chin Empire. Although this empire continued for almost twenty years, its back was now broken.

Apart from the Chin Empire, Genghis Khan also conquered the Western Xia Empire of China.

Along with China, there was another empire, the Uyghurs. Its king Barchuq showed prudence and accepted Genghis Khan's allegiance before any war.

After that, Uighurs and Chinese people started joining the Mongol army in large numbers.

It was these people who taught the Mongols how to make catapults and other weapons of war.

Genghis Khan's army also learned modern methods of warfare from them. Another increase in the power of the Mongol army took place when in 1218 the Mongols conquered the Kara Khatai Empire, a state in Central Asia.

The Turkic Muslims living in this kingdom, who were fed up with the oppression of the government, considered Genghis Khan as their Messiah and joined the Mongol army.

During the life of Genghis Khan, the Mongols could not rule over the whole of China.

In particular, the Song Empire in southern China remained completely independent. However, during the reign of his grandson Kublai Khan, the Mongols occupied the whole of China.

But this is obviously after the life of Genghis Khan, but yes, Genghis Khan had conquered a large powerful Islamic empire in his lifetime.

What was this empire? Why did Genghis Khan attack a powerful Muslim empire?

Why couldn't Muslims compete despite being in greater numbers?

Who was the general who gave Genghis Khan a headache for years?

And finally, why is there no trace of Genghis Khan's grave, despite the desperate efforts?

So where were we friends? Genghis Khan had killed his closest childhood friend Jamuka.

The largest state in China had conquered the Chen Empire. And now it was about to clash with the Islamic world.

He said that my greatest joy is to tear my enemies to pieces

See the tears of their loved ones and take possession of their wives and daughters.

Yes, he did the same. He created countless tales of cruelty from Central Asia to Russia.

But then a Muslim general gave him such a challenge that Genghis Khan's empire reached the brink of destruction.

When Genghis Khan was invading China, a new power was emerging in its west.

The founder of this powerful state was a Turkish Sultan Muhammad II or Alauddin Khwarizm Shah.

He established the largest empire in the Islamic world at that time. This kingdom, which was called the Khwarizmi kingdom, extended from Kazakhstan to the territories of Iran and present-day Pakistan.

He liked to call himself Alexander II. He also dreamed of conquering China and Baghdad.

But then he made a historic mistake. And this mistake brought him into competition with Genghis Khan.

It so happened that now Genghis Khan had become the ruler of a large empire. Silk and other riches of China were also in his possession.

With skilled artists, traders, economists and many other experts, he wanted to develop his empire now.

For this he started making trade agreements with the surrounding countries.

He sent a message to Muhammad Sani. He said, I don't want to expand my empire by occupying your kingdom.

Rather, I want peaceful trade. Genghis Khan also addressed the Sultan and said this

That I am the ruler of the land of the rising sun and you are the ruler of the land of the setting sun.

Sultan Khwarazm Shah responded positively to the letter meaning he was ready to trade with Genghis Khan.

Genghis Khan immediately dispatched a trade convoy to Khwarizm. Apart from an ambassador of Genghis Khan, there were 450 Muslim traders and about a hundred Mongol guards in the caravan.

This convoy reached the city of Ortarar in Kazakhstan, which was located on the border of the Khwarazmi Empire.

Here was the event that led to the destruction of the Khwarazmi Empire. Qair Khan, the governor of the city, accused Genghis Khan's caravan of espionage and killed all the merchants and guards.

Only one person from the caravan survived and reached Mongolia and narrated the whole incident to Genghis Khan.

Genghis Khan was obviously very angry. But he sent a three-member delegation headed by a Muslim to Sultan Khwarazm to investigate the matter.

The delegation demanded from the Sultan that the governor of Urtarar be handed over to the Mongols.

But what happened was that instead of fulfilling this demand, the Sultan killed the Muslim ambassador of Genghis Khan.

And the heads and beards of the remaining two Mongols were shaved and sent back.

When Genghis Khan learned of the treatment of his ambassadors, he was furious.

Once again he turned to the holy mountain Burqan Qaldun. He raised his hands to the sky and called out to his god.

"Give me strength, I want to take revenge," he said.

Then Genghis Khan sent a final message to Alauddin. He said you have killed my men and traders and looted my merchandise.

So the trade is over. Now prepare for battle because I am about to attack you with an army that you will not be able to stop.

Genghis Khan rushed to Khwarazm with one hundred and twenty thousand troops in May twelve hundred and nineteen.

Apart from ten thousand Uighur soldiers, Turkish Muslims and Chinese engineers were also present in large numbers in his army.

The Sultan's army was more than twice that of Genghis Khan. But Sultan made a mistake.

That is, instead of directly confronting the Mongols, he divided his army and sent it to protect separate cities.

The result was disastrous as the Mongols began to surround and destroy the city one by one.

Thus the Muslims could not take advantage of their greater numbers. The Mongols conquered Ortarar in five months.

Then massacred most of the population of the city, including its governor Qair Khan.

After Utrar, great cities like Bukhara and Samarkand also suffered the same fate.

Genghis Khan had destroyed this city so badly that even after a period of time, if someone would pass by there, seeing the desolation would make his heart ache.

Think about it as a century later, when the famous traveler Ibn Battuta passed through here, he too saw this city as a deserted settlement.

After destroying Bukhara and Samarkand, Genghis Khan did not return but continued to advance.

Anyone who came in his way went on to destroy him. But he did not destroy the famous city of Nurata in Uzbekistan.

It is said that the reason why this city was not destroyed was because there were holy tombs.

Some historians believe that during the invasion of the Khwarazm Empire, some religious leaders met Genghis Khan in disguise.

Therefore, in order to keep them together, Genghis Khan left the places that could offend their religious sentiments.

Within a year, Genghis Khan's army had conquered the whole of Khorezm.

The reason for this rapid success was speed. The Mongol army used to cover hundreds of kilometers in a single day.

Therefore, it was not long before they spread to Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan and occupied these areas.

Genghis Khan had conquered the kingdom of Khwarazm Shah, but Khwarazm Shah himself had disappeared somewhere.

He was not falling into the hands of Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan ordered his army to find Sultan Muhammad II even if he ascended to heaven and do not show me his form until success.

So a large Mongol army started chasing the Sultan like hunters.

Sultan Muhammad II kept hiding from one city to another to avoid the Mongols.

He hid the women and children of his harem in a fort. But the Mongols found the fort and captured the women and children.

Now the Sultan had no one but his one son, Jalaluddin Khwarazm Shah, and a handful of loyalists.

The sultan was in such bad condition that he had rags on his body and did not even have a dime in his pocket.

There were only a few loyalists who were supporting him till now.

With his followers he fled to the shores of the Caspian Sea.

Mongol soldiers followed behind him. He sat in a boat and began to escape when the Mongol soldiers came upon him.

They showered arrows on the boat. But by chance the boat and the boatmen got off safely.

Earlier, the Sultan of Khwarazm was hiding from one city to another. Now, escaping from the soldiers of Genghis Khan, he was moving from one island to another island.

The Mongols were not ready to leave it at any place. It was a merciless battle of muscles, nerves and time.

This war had driven the Sultan almost mad. He started to talk in a seductive way.

It was becoming a difficult task for his son Jalaluddin and a few loyalists to handle it.

In the same way, while saving his life, running and hiding, one day Sultan Khwarazm got pneumonia.

Sultan left the world on January 10, 1221. And that too in such a way that even shroud cloth was not available for burial.

So he was buried in the rags on his body. But was that all there was to it?

No, Genghis Khan's soldiers still had to fight. When he failed to fulfill the order of his master

That is, Genghis Khan's soldiers could not reach the Sultan alive to his master, so they found the Sultan's grave.

The body was taken out and set on fire. The sultan's mother and harem women were paraded and forced to mourn the destruction of the Khwarazmi Empire.

Then the women of the harem were divided among Genghis Khan's sons and generals.

But in all this it happened that the Sultan's son Jalaluddin Khwarazm Shah escaped with his life.

He did not fall into the hands of Genghis Khan's soldiers. Therefore, it became the symbol of the freedom struggle of the Muslims against the Mongols.

Jalal-ud-Din, who could not be captured by the Mongols after the death of his father, was also anxious to reach Afghanistan.

Because there were thousands of his supporters gathering in Ghazni. Ghazni was by then independent and not yet controlled by the Mongols.

So Jalaluddin left the Caspian Sea region with a handful of his companions and reached Turkmenistan.

He had to reach Afghanistan from Turkmenistan. But there were many forts conquered by the Mongols on the way.

Their groups were also present. So in such a way he went on defeating them too.

He killed seven hundred Mongols occupying the fort of Nisa.

Defeating the small Mongol forces and clearing his way, he reached Ghazni in the same year i.e. 1221.

Here fifty thousand soldiers of the Khwarazmi Empire swore their allegiance to him.

A general Timur Malik was also with him in the war against the Mongols. Timur Malik was the governor of Khujand, a region of Ferghana during the reign of Sultan Muhammad II.

This area is the second largest city in Tajikistan today. He also fought against the Mongols by closing his front on an island with a thousand soldiers.

After that he escaped to Afghanistan by breaking the siege of the Mongols.

And when Jalaluddin reached Ghazni, after some time Timur Malik also arrived with thirty thousand soldiers.

These soldiers were recruited by him on the way. With his arrival Jalaluddin's power increased.

Thus, an army of about 80,000 men was ready to fight against the Mongols in Ghazni.

Before Genghis Khan was confronted by Jalal-ud-Din Khwarizm, the horrors of war began to reach Genghis Khan's home.

One of his sons-in-law 'Toquchar' was killed in the siege of the Iranian city of Nishapur.

This news was a tragic accident for Genghis Khan. He sent his son Tuli Khan to Nishapur to take revenge.

Tuli Khan surrounded Nishapur and installed hundreds of catapults around it.

Then they showered stones on the city and blew up the protective walls.

The Mongol army then entered the city. Genghis Khan's widowed daughter accompanied the Mongol army

Whose eyes had the blood of revenge and on his lips were the sounds of revenge, revenge, revenge.

She was energizing the army and the army was energizing.

Genghis Khan's son-in-law was avenged by first killing the city's human population.

Then even the dogs, cats and rats of the city were killed.

Just as Genghis Khan's army was taking revenge for his son-in-law, another incident happened.

Genghis Khan's favorite grandson 'Moghitogin' was also killed by an arrow outside the fort of Bamiyan in Afghanistan.

This was the second major emotional shock for Genghis Khan after the death of his son-in-law.

Enraged, Genghis Khan himself reached Bamiyan with his army and just like Nishapur, Bamiyan was destroyed brick by brick.

Genghis Khan ordered that nothing should be left in Bamiyan that could breathe.

After killing a hundred human beings, all animals, even insects and spiders, were hunted down and exterminated.

Pregnant women's bellies were slashed, and the babies were cut open.

Bamiyan was so ruined that people remembered it as the haunted city for years.

After raising the flags of success and fear at Nishapur and Bamiyan, the Mongols now faced Jalaluddin Khwarazm Shah.

Genghis Khan sent one of his generals with an army of over forty thousand in pursuit of Jalaluddin.

Jalal-ud-Din encountered this army near Parwan, an Afghan region.

But here he suffered such a crushing defeat that the Mongol army fled from the battlefield.

This was the first defeat of any of Genghis Khan's armies by the Muslims.

Many Mongol soldiers were also taken prisoner in this battle. These prisoners were exchanged by Jalaluddin's army.

Many Mongols had nails driven into their ears. Many were handed over to mobs of angry citizens.

The citizens blew up Mongol prisoners, dragged some to death and beat others to death.

Jalaluddin Khwarazm, who had seen the end of his empire, his father and women at the hands of the Mongols

Now he was smiling to see him die a helpless death. He even beheaded several prisoners with his own hands.

Now the tables had turned. Mongol soldiers were being blessed with the death they gave to others.

The defeat of the Mongols and the massacre of their prisoners also shattered the illusion of their invincibility.

And the whole Islamic world was filled with a new zeal and hope of victory against them.

From Afghanistan to Iran and Central Asia, Muslims took up arms against the Mongols.

In the cities where the Mongol governors and soldiers were stationed, revolts broke out against them and they were killed in many places.

Therefore, the War of Independence started against Genghis Khan in the Khwarazmi Empire.

On top of that, news of a rebellion had also started coming from Genghis Khan's own territory, Mongolia.

Now it was time for Genghis Khan to lead directly.

He decided to take immediate revenge instead of wasting time.

In a few days he set off with an army to fight Jalaluddin Khwarizm Shah.

The pursuit was so rapid that the Mongol army was allowed to stop for food only once in forty-eight hours.

Thus Genghis Khan came close to Jalaluddin in a few days.

But Jalaluddin's army was already weakened before the battle. After Parwan's victory, two of his generals, Timur Malik and another chief, had a dispute over the distribution of booty.