Who was Tipu Sultan.Complete history of Tipu Sultan, |tipu sultan|

There was a sultan in India who, till he was alive,

the British felt that they could not conquer India.

But a British officer saw his body outside the,

Mysore fort and said that now India is ours.

It was the last major obstacle for the British in the subcontinent.

This is the India of 1760.

Sarangapatam is a city in South India,

some twenty-two hundred kilometers away from Delhi.

A strange activity is going on in a room built on a minaret in this city.

A ten-year-old boy is diligently cutting window bars with a sander.

And sitting next to him is his five-year-old brother,

looking at him with fear in his eyes.

The older boy cut the window bars,

then tied a rope to the window and hung it down.

He carried his brother on his back and descended through the rope.

In such a situation, the wounded British army requested for peace.

Had Tipu continued this war, he could have captured Madras,

the British headquarters in South India.In such a case,

English rule would have ended at least from South India.

But Tipu acted mercifully and reconciled.In 1784,

he signed an armistice agreement with the British.

With this victory, Tipu became the hero of the people of India,

while there was mourning in Britain.

The British decided that if they were to retain control of India,

Tipu had to be out of the way.

And for this they started to lay a web of conspiracies.

These conspiraciesOne of Tipu's weaknesses served him well.

That weakness was that Tipu did not know the art of keeping courtiers happy.

After becoming the ruler, he introduced many new people into his court,

which angered the old courtiers-In which Finance

Minister Mir Sadiq and First Minister Purnia were prominent.

These were the people who helped Tipu to take the throne.

But now they felt that Tipu Sultan was neglecting them.

Tipu also used to punish his colleagues due to his dogmatism.

An example of which is when Tipu's most skilled and loyal ,

general Muhammad Ali Kamidan sheltered one of

Tipu's opponents-So Tipu did not act expediently.He arrested Kamidan.

Kamidan committed suicide in prison.

This incident changed many of the Sultan's loyalists.

So a series of court conspiracies started in which

there was a possibility of spoiling the English.

Now they started getting traitors from Tipu's court.

And the buyer of this treacherous factory was the new

Governor General from East India.The new Governor-General

of the East India Company in India was Lord Cornwallis.

This man was very cunning and knew the art of weakening

the enemy in his home rather than defeating him on the battlefield.

He sent several spies to Tipu's state, one of whom was Syed Imam.

The man reached Tipu's capital, Serangapatam,

where he convinced the disgruntled and greedy courtiers

to support the East India Company.But this plot was caught in time.

Tipu Sultan took strict notice of this.

Traitors and Syed Imam were sentenced to death.

But this did not stop the production of traitors from the traitorous factory.

Rather, their number began to increase.

Despite buying off Tipu's courtiers, Lord Cornwallis was

afraid to face Tipu alone.He also brought together the

Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas.To start the war,

he pretended that Tipu had waged war against Raja Trancower,

an ally of the British.Although this war was waged not

by Tipu but by the Raja himselfAnd after Tipu's retaliatory action,

the matter was over.But Cornwallis, justifying this war,

broke the treaty of peace made at the time of the

previous defeatAnd invaded Mysore.First he captured Bangalore,

the main city of Mysore.Tipu Sultan counter-attacked and

surrounded him in Bangalore.But when he was about to make

a decisive attackSo the traitors in Tipu's army conveyed the

details of the attack to Lord Cornwallis.Thanks to which he

managed to escape.Not only did he escape Tipu's attack,

but he made a long detour and marched on Tipu Sultan's

capital Serangapatam.But fifteen kilometers from Seringapatam,

his courage paid off.The reason was that his army was exhausted.

Tipu's raiding forces also cut the supply line of the British.

he two allies of Cornwallis namely the Marathas and the

Nizam who had promised to send troops to help the British in this war.

Both of them did not reach for help.Thus Cornwallis failed

in the siege of Serangapatam.His soldiers were dying of hunger and disease.

Lord Cornwallis had realizedthat if he attacked Tipu's

army under these circumstances, he would have to taste a

humiliating defeat.So he gave up the idea of further fighting

and fled towards Bangalore with his army.

This was the occasion where Tipu Sultan made the

biggest mistake of his life.The mistake was that he

allowed a fleeing and defeated British army to escape

instead of destroying it.First Mysore and then the

entire subcontinent had to bear the consequences

of this mistake in the form of slavery.Cornwallis escaped

and soon joined the Marathas and the Nizam.

Then these three allies, the British, the Marathas and the Nizam,

again broke out at Seringapatam with great preparation.

He besieged Seringapatam.Tipu now realized that he had committed

an irreparable mistake by allowing Cornwallis to escape.

But there was no use in regretting now.

Because the siege was getting tougher with each passing day.

In such a situation, Tipu gave up and asked for peace.

Lord Cornwallis received from Tipu half the kingdom

of Mysore and a war ransom of eight crore rupees in

return for peace.Thus, due to their own treachery and

war mistakes, Tipu Sultan's power suffered such a

blowThat he never recovered after that.The defeat at the

hands of Lord Cornwallis had two immediate effects on

Tipu and his empire.For one, Tipu Sultan became obsessed

with revenge against the British.Tipu decided that he

would sleep on the floor and not on a bed until he

defeated the British, and he did.He also produced a

toy watch with a tiger strangling a British soldier.

And this watch is still preserved in the museum of London.

Tipu used to look at this watch and think of ways to take

revenge on the enemy.Another effect of the

war was on Tipu's loyalists, who realized that Tipu and

his kingdom had no future.Therefore, they began to distance

themselves from the Sultan.Perhaps this is a matter of surprise

for many people-But the fact is that the formation and breakup

of independent states in India during this period eIt was a common thing.

Therefore, the only condition for loyalty to a state

was that it should be powerfulAnd there people see their future secure

.But when the state became weak, its loyalists changed

parties and joined a powerful group or state.

This was the bitter truth of India at that time which

eventually made the entire region a slave of the British.

It is also important to mention here that Tipu had

twelve sons and five daughters.But even one of his

sons did not have the capacity to be the best successor

to Tipu in these adverse circumstances.Therefore,

the ruler of the state, who is advancing towards old age,

has lost half of the territory.Surrounded by powerful

enemies and with no hope of a strong successor,

Hawass's long survival could only be a miracle.

But Tipu was hoping for a miracle.And he had this hope

from Britain's worst enemy, France, who had been

an ally of Tipu in the past.Tipu also sent his ambassador

to the French general Napoleon Bonaparte and requested help.

Napoleon also wrote a reply letter to Tipu but this letter

was intercepted by British spies on the way.

There were rumors in Britain and India that Napoleon

was going to India to help Tipu.When Napoleon

went to invade Egypt in 1798, Britain assumed that

Napoleon was going to India.Even after Napoleon occupied

Egypt, the British thought the same.That he might try to

reach India by land.But when the British navy defeated the French,

the company government in India breathed a sigh of relief.

But since in those days news took months to reach across

the ocean,Hence these rumors circulated for a long time

in Britain and IndiaThat Napoleon came now or then to help Tipu.

Tipu was now surrounded by enemies on all sides and the

possibility of help from France was gone.

This was the time when his enemies had to decide when,

where and how they would hunt down the Mysore lion.

Meanwhile, the East India Company recalled Lord

Cornwallis and made Lord Wellesley Governor-General.

This person was a friend of the then British Prime Minister.

Both friends wanted complete control of India and in

their eyes Tipu Sultan was the biggest obstacle.

There was a constant fear on the mind of the British that

if France came to help Tipu-So India will be out of their hands.

And this fear was not unfounded.Because just 18 years

before the final war against Tipu, France had made a

similar intervention in America, another British colony.

He helped American Revolutionary War hero George

Washington-Due to which Britain was defeated and

America became independent.Britain could no longer

afford a new George Washington in the form of Tipu

in India by allowing France to intervene again.

So Lord Wellesley came to India with a mind of war against Tipu.

And as soon as he arrived, he started preparations for war.

Fresh troops from Britain also started arriving to help him.

But Lord Wellesley did not need any major military action against Tipu.

The traitors whom Lord Cornwallis had prepared

were now with Wellesley.Wellesley had agreed with Tipu's traitors

that he would not allow the Mysore army to face the British anywhere.

The commanders of most of the Mysore forts also assured

that they would surrender as soon as the attack began.

That is, the outcome of this war was already fixed.So,

confident of victory, Wellesley rushed to the battlefield

with his allies.To break the peace treaty, he announced

that Tipu was conspiring with the French against the

Company government.That is why war is necessary.

In February 1799, the English army and its allies attacked

Mysore from four sides.Tipu sent troops to fight the invading

British, but the commanders wasted every opportunity to

attack the enemy.Seeing this behavior of their commanders,

the soldiers of Mysore used to question why they were

not attacking when the enemy was under attack.

But they were silenced by replying that it was the

Sultan's strategy.But in reality the traitors had planned

to tie the hands and feet of the lion of Mysore and

throw it in front of the enemies.But the lion of Mysore

was still not going to give up.At one point, he himself

went out with an army and rescued British General Harris.

Lord Wellesley in one of his reports has also admitted

Tipu to be an expert general.But Tipu's treacherous officers

were helping the British here too.He deliberately

brought Tipu's army under the enemy's guns.

Tipu thus suffered heavy losses and retreated and

took up a defensive position at Seringapatam.In April 1799,

just two months after the attack had begun, the British

laid siege to Serangapatam.In such a situation,

the traitors told the enemy which part of the protective

wall of the city was weak.The British targeted the same

wall and a big crack was created there.On the night

of May 3, 1799, Sultan's minister Mir Sadiq came out of the

wallHad a secret meeting with the Negroes.It was determined

that the British would storm the crack by noon the next day.

While Mir Sadiq must have already removed the army there.

Mir Sadiq went back and then the sun rose on the fourth of May.

The astrologers told Sultan Tipu that today is a very

inauspicious and inauspicious day for you.

You stay with the army and do charity.But when the

Sultan sat down to eat in the afternoon, he found out

that his artillery commander Syed Ghaffar had been martyred.

On hearing this, Tipu came out of the fort to inspect the

position of the army.When the Sultan came out of the fort,

the traitors locked the gates of the fort from inside

so that Tipu could not return to the fort.It is said that

the martyrdom of Syed Ghaffar also took place under a

conspiracy.So that on hearing this news, the Sultan came

out of the fort in excitement.Thus, this whole action

was also a big drama.However, whatever the reason,

the Sultan had now come out of the fort.On the other

hand, Mir Sadiq and Purnia had withdrawn the army

from the crack in the wall under the pretext of paying them.

Now the field was empty.The English army started entering

through this crack.Sultan tried to enter the fort to regroup

his army.But alas, the fort guards prevented the owner from

entering.On this occasion, the Sultan decided to fight the

British for the last time.The Sultan was accompanied by

a handful of soldiers. He took a gun from a servant and

started firing at the British.A handful of his comrades also

fought to the death. But soon these last loyalists began to

fall one by one.Sultan himself was shot and injured.

An employee said, Sir, tell the British who you are, they

will respect you.But then Tipu spoke the words that became

immortal in history.He said that a day's life of a lion is

better than a hundred years of a jackal's life.

The Mysore lion continued to fight until he fell down helpless.

The British did not know at that time that this person

fighting outside the fort was Tipu Sultan-When the Sultan fell,

a greedy Englishman proceeded to remove the diamond belt

from the Sultan's waist.But the Sultan was still alive.

He blew off the leg of an English soldier with a sword blow.

The British turned around and fired a shot which hit

Sultan Tipu in the head.Thus Sultan Tipu was martyred.

But by then the news had spread in the fort that

Mir Sadiq and Purnia had tricked the army away from the crack.

When this news spread, the soldiers were enraged.

They shot and killed Mir Sadiq.But by then it was too late.

The English army had occupied the city and the body

of the Sultan of Mysore was lying at the gate of the fort.

Tipu Shaheed was buried in Serangapatam by the British

with full military honours.At the time of martyrdom,

Tipu was twenty-two years old, so he was also given

a salute of twenty-two guns.Sixty-nine years after

Tipu's martyrdom, the British flag was flying all over India.

Thus, the words of the British officer who saw Tipu Sultan's body

and said that now India is ours came true.Tipu's family

was sent to Calcutta by the British.Descendants of Tipu

worked hard in this city for two hundred years.In 2009,

the Indian government finally got the idea to restore

Tipu's property by restoring his royal status.Today,

both Hindus and Muslims visit Tipu Sultan's shrine.

Serangapatam is included in the Indian state of Karnataka.

And Tipu Sultan's birthday is officially celebrated in the state.

However, the BJP and hard-line Hindu organizations oppose it.

There have been protests against the celebration of Tipu's birthday.

However, the fact remains that Tipu Sultan is still considered a

great hero of the subcontinent